BIOGRAPHY 3

Questions and Answers 

I, Milton Friedman was born on July 31, 1921, in Brooklyn, N.Y., the fourth and last child and fi rst son of Sarah Ethel (Landau) and Jeno Saul Friedman. My parents were born in Carpatho-Ruthenia of the Soviet Union, They emigrated to the U.S. in their teens, meeting in New York. When I was a year old, my parents moved to Rahway, N.J., a small town about 20 miles from New York City.

I was awarded a competitive scholarship to Rutgers University. I graduated from Rutgers in 1932. I financed the rest of my college expenses by the usual mixture of waiting at tables, clerking in a retail store, occasional entrepreneurial ventures, and summer earnings. Shortly, however, I became interested in economics.

In economics, I had the good fortune to be exposed to two remarkable men: Arthur F. Burns and Homer Jones. Arthur Burns shaped my understanding of economics research, introduced me to the highest scientific standards, and became a guiding influence on my subsequent career. Homer Jones introduced me to rigorous economic theory, made economics exciting and relevant, and encouraged me to go on to graduate work. On his recommendation, the Chicago Economics Department offered me a tuition scholarship. As it happened, I was also offered a scholarship by Brown University in Applied Mathematics, but, by that time, I had definitely transferred my primary allegiance to economics. In 1976 I won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics for my achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy. In 1977, at age 65, I retired from the University of Chicago after teaching there for 30 years.

1. Who influenced Milton Friedman on economic research?      A. Sarah Ethel      B. Jeno Friedman      C. Arthur F. Burns      D. Homer Jones      E. Alfred Nobel AnswerJawaban: C

2. What is the main idea of paragraph 3?      A. Milton Friedman was very committed in his interest and talent in economics      B. Homer Jones shaped Milton Friedman understanding of economic research      C. Arthur Burns introduced Milton Friedman to rigorous economic theory      D. Brown University offered Milton Friedman a tuition scholarship      E. Milton Friedman was offered a scholarship by the Chicago Economics Department in Applied Mathematics AnswerJawaban: A

3. What did Milton Friedman do in financing his college expenses?      A. He was a teacher during summer      B. He had a job in entrepreneur company      C. He worked as a clerk in a retail store      D. He sold tables to people      E. He taught economics in the university

THE SCIENTIST HELP SHEEP DIES

Keith Campbell, a prominent biologist who worked on cloning Dolly the sheep, died at 58, the University of Nottingham said Thursday. Campbell, who had worked on animal improvement and cloning since 1999, died October 5, 2012, University spokesman Tim Utton said. He did not specify the cause, only saying that Campbell had worked at the University until his death.

He began researching animal cloning at the Roslin Institute near Edinburgh in 1991. In 1996 the experiments led to the birth of Dolly the sheep, the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell. The sheep was named after the voluptuous singer Dolly Parton. Researchers at the time said that the sheep was created from a mammary gland cell, and that Parton offered an excellent example.

The creation of the sheep captured the public imagination and instantly became a scientific sensation. The experiments drew not only admiration but also anger from some who raised questions about the ethics of cloning. Animal rights activists were outraged, while the church of England expressed reservations. Dolly was put down in 2003 after she developed a lung disease. Campbell’s interest in cellular growth dated back to his college days studying microbiology in London.

4. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?      A. Campbell never felt leaving for the university      B. Campbell stopped working because of his sickness      C. Campbell focused his research dealing with humans      D. Campbell started researching animal cloning as his experiments      E. Campbell focused his research not only on the animal experiments AnswerJawaban: D

5. Why did the experiments not draw admiration perfectly?      A. Animal rights activists were outraged      B. The public imagination became a scientific sensation      C. Some people felt dissatisfied with the experiment results      D. Some people were angry from their question about the ethics of cloning      E. The experiments did not show the representative results of the cloning ethics AnswerJawaban: D

6. Why was the sheep named after Dolly Parton?      A. The researchers admired her      B. She was a voluptuous singer      C. She was a very popular singer      D. The mammary gland cell was taken from her      E. She was the one who inspired the researchers

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) — Astronomer and Scientist. Galileo developed a superior telescope and made many significant discoveries in astronomy. He was sentenced to life imprisonment by the inquisition for his support for the Copernican theory that the sun was at the centre of the solar system.

Galileo was born in Florence, Italy in 1564 to a poor but noble family His parents recognized their child's innate intelligence and talents and so made sacrifices to have him educated. At his father's insistence, Galileo studied the profitable career of medicine. But, at the University of Pisa, Galileo became fascinated in a wide range of subjects. He was also critical of many of Aristotle's teaching which had dominated education for the past 2,000 years.

Galileo was appointed to be a mathematics professor at the University of Pisa, but his strident criticisms of Aristotle left him isolated among his contemporaries. After three years of persecution, he resigned and went to the University of Padua, where he taught maths. His entertaining lectures attracted a large following and he was able to spend the next 18 years pursuing his interests in astronomy and mechanics.

7. Something that we can learn from Galileo Galilei's biography is ...      A. We must always believe whatever the society believes to avoid getting persecuted.      B. We must never go against the believe of the society to avoid getting imprisoned.      C. We should believe in something and stay faithful to it no matter how hard.      D. We must sacrifice everything to get ourselves educated.      E. We should spend 18 years to pursue our interests. AnswerJawaban: C

8. From the fact that Galileo Galilei was imprisoned for supporting the Copernican theory, which later was proven to be true, we know that Galileo Galilei was ...      A. Reckless      B. Stubborn      C. Tenacious      D. Arrogant      E. Foolish AnswerJawaban: C

9. According to the biography, why did Galileo Galilei resign from his teaching job at the University of Pisa?      A. He had attracted many followers.      B. He was persecuted for three years.      C. He was appointed as a mathematics professor.      D. He had a better offer from the University of Padua.      E. He wanted to pursue his interests in astronomy and mechanics. AnswerJawaban: B

10. "His parents recognized their child's innate intelligence and talents and so made sacrifices to have him educated." (Paragraph 2) The underlined word is closest in meaning to ...      A. Acquired      B. Ingenious      C. Multiple      D. Inborn      E. Strident